SKUAST-Kashmir continues to reform the role of higher educational institutions in the twenty-first century PROF AZMAT ALAM KHAN As per the Ministry of Education’s All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2021-2022, PhD enrolment in India has increased to around 2 lakh students, up from around 1 lakh in 2014-15. This amounts to more than an 80% jump. Assuming each scholar takes about 3-4 years to complete their thesis, India produces an average of 35,000-53,000 dissertations per year.